Resources - PUBHolic

Perceptions of Risk to Type 2 Diabetes Among African American Women After Lived Experience of Gestational Diabetes: A Hermeneutic Phenomenological Study

https://www.proquest.com/openview/18ddca1dcbba35eb1d0b76a1daa555d8/1.pdf?pq-origsite=gscholar &cbl = 18750&diss=y

CDC: Risks of Type 2 Diabetes

https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/basics/risk-factors.html

CDC: Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes in the US

https://gis.cdc.gov/grasp/diabetes/diabetesatlas-surveillance.html

Bio Benzene: Top 10 Countries with Diabetes

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SFJyAac47Dg

What DA STAT: Diabetes Type 2 Prevalence by Country, Region and World since 1990

Vivid Maps: Diabetes Prevalence in the US https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kKfR-Qve2Tg

CDC: CDC Prevalence Map of Diabetes Trends

CDC: Prevalence Maps of Diabetes and Obesity Trends

Impact of HIV and AIDS

Ngona, K. (2021). Analysis of the Impact of HIV and AIDS IN Zambia in 2018. Retrieved from https://www.proquest.com/docview/2583098148/EA75EB7237314A4APQ/1

CDC: HIV and AIDS

HIV Center: The global HIV epidemic: Prospects and challenges

Gilead HIV: State of the HIV Epidemic

https://www.gileadhiv.com/landscape/state-of-epidemic/

Cantwell, A. (2005). Debunking the out of Africa origin of HIV and AIDS the greatest conspiracy story. Retrieved from http://rense.com/general61/outof.htm

Cohen, S., & Weaver, L. (2006). The black death and AIDS. CCR5-DEL32 in genetics and history. Retrieved from http://qjmed.oxfordjournals.org/content/99/8/497.full

Krim, M. (n.d). Thirty years of HIV/AIDS: Snapshots of an epidemic. Retrieved from https://www.amfar.org/about-hiv-aids/snapshots-of-an-epidemic-hiv-aids/

Bren, L. (2007). The advancement of controlled clinical trials. FDA Consumer, 41(2), 23–30. Retrieved from http://ezp.waldenulibrary.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com /login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2009533805&site=ehost-live&scope=site

Dawson, B., & Trapp, R. G. (2004). Basic & clinical biostatistics. New York: Lange Medical Books-McGraw-Hill, Medical Pub. Division

Red.org. 35+ Years of HIV/AIDS. A Timeline. Retrieved from https://www.red.org/reditorial/2018/6/6/35-years-of-hivaids-a-timeline?

Telework Satisfaction and Leadership Commitment

Telework Satisfaction and Leadership Commitment: Dr. Garielle James – YouTube

Infant Mortality Podcast

Association Between Skilled Birth Attendant in Health Facility and Infant Mortality: Dr. Susan Ukwu – YouTube

Social Determinants of Mental Health

Mental Health: Quiz – Mental Health – CDC

Gestation Diabetes

Hedderson MM, Gunderson EP, Ferrara A. Gestational weight gain and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. Obstet Gynecol. 2010 Mar;115(3):597-604. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181cfce4f. Erratum in: Obstet Gynecol. 2010 May;115(5):1092. PMID: 20177292; PMCID: PMC3180899.
Abstract

Objective: To estimate the relationship between the rate of gestational weight gain before the 50-g, 1-hour oral glucose challenge test screening for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and subsequent risk of GDM.

Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study (345 women with GDM and 800 women in the control group) within a multiethnic cohort of women delivering between 1996 and 1998 who were screened for GDM at 24-28 weeks of gestation. GDM was diagnosed according to the National Diabetes Data Group plasma glucose cut-offs for the 100-g, 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test. Women’s plasma glucose levels, weights, and covariate data were obtained by medical record chart review.

Results: After adjusting for age at delivery, race/ethnicity, parity, and prepregnancy body mass index, the risk of GDM increased with increasing rates of gestational weight gain. Compared with the lowest tertile of rate of gestational weight gain (less than 0.27 kg/week [less than 0.60 lb/wk]), a rate of weight gain from 0.27-0.40 kg/wk (0.60-0.88 lb/wk) and 0.41 kg/wk (0.89 lb/wk) or more, were associated with increased risks of GDM (odds ratio 1.43, 95% confidence interval 0.96-2.14; and odds ratio 1.74, 95% confidence interval 1.16-2.60, respectively). The association between the rate of gestational weight gain and GDM was primarily attributed to increased weight gain in the first trimester. The association was stronger in overweight [corrected] and nonwhite women.

Conclusion: High rates of gestational weight gain, especially early in pregnancy, may increase a woman’s risk of GDM. Gestational weight gain during early pregnancy may represent a modifiable risk factor for GDM and needs more attention from health care providers.

Catalano PM, Roman NM, Tyzbir ED, Merritt AO, Driscoll P, Amini SB. Weight gain in women with gestational diabetes. Obstet Gynecol. 1993 Apr;81(4):523-8. PMID: 8459960.

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate weight gain during pregnancy in women with gestational diabetes, and to determine whether there was a stronger or weaker correlation of maternal weight gain with neonatal birth weight in women with gestational diabetes as compared with a control group.

Methods: At delivery, 78 women with gestational diabetes and 312 control subjects were evaluated and classified according to pregravid weight for height (underweight, average weight, and overweight). Weight gain during pregnancy and neonatal birth weight in the women with gestational diabetes and in the control group were compared using analysis of covariance, controlling for selected covariables. A weight gain curve for each patient was generated to assess the rate of weight gain during early, middle, and late gestation. Linear regression analysis was used to correlate maternal weight gain and birth weight.

Results: Weight gain was 2.5 kg less in the women with gestational diabetes as compared with the controls (P = .0006). When adjusted for pregravid weight, maternal age, and gestational age at delivery, only underweight women with gestational diabetes persisted in having significantly less weight gain as compared with the control subjects (P = .035). There were no significant differences in infant birth weight between any gestational diabetes and control weight categories. The rate of weight gain was decreased in over-weight women with gestational diabetes versus control subjects in late pregnancy (P = .05). There was a significant correlation between maternal weight gain and birth weight in underweight (r = 0.46, P = .0001) and average-weight (r = 0.17, P = .02) control women but not in overweight controls or in any patients with gestational diabetes.

Conclusion: Weight gain in women with gestational diabetes is less than in control patients, primarily because of greater pregravid weight, and does not correlate with neonatal birth weight.

Zhong C, Li X, Chen R, Zhou X, Liu C, Wu J, Xu S, Wang W, Xiao M, Xiong G, Wang J, Yang X, Hao L, Yang N. Greater early and mid-pregnancy gestational weight gain are associated with increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: A prospective cohort study. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2017 Dec;22:48-53. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2017.08.013. Epub 2017 Sep 19. PMID: 29415834.

Abstract

Background & aims: Gestational diabetes mellitus is associated with adverse short- and long-term consequences for both the mother and the offspring. To examine the relationship between the rates of gestational weight gain (RGWG) during early and mid-pregnancy and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods: 2090 singleton pregnant women from the Tongji Maternal and Child Health Cohort (TMCHC) without overt diabetes before pregnancy were analyzed in our study. Gestational weight were measured regularly in every antenatal visit. Gestational diabetes mellitus was assessed with the 75-g, 2-h oral glucose tolerance test at 24-28 weeks of gestation. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to estimate effect of RGWG on GDM.

Results: A total of 8.3% (n = 173) of pregnant women were diagnosed with GDM. Women with elevated rate of gestational weight gain prior to glucose screening test (RGWG-PG) increased the risk of GDM (adjusted p-trend = 0.004; odds ratios (OR) 1.64, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.01-2.68 and OR 2.30,95% CI 1.44-3.66 for 0.297-0.384 kg/wk and 0.385 kg/wk or more vs. 0.213 kg/wk or less, respectively). Women with greater rate of gestational weight gain in the first trimester (RGWG-F) increased the risk of GDM (adjusted p-trend = 0.048; OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.14-2.94 and OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.10-2.83 for 0.086-0.200 kg/wk and 0.201 kg/wk or more vs. -0.025 kg/wk or less, respectively). The rate of gestational weight gain in the second trimester (RGWG-S) was significantly associated with GDM only among women with RGWG-F more than 0.086 kg/wk (adjusted p-trend = 0.035; OR 2.04, 95% CI 1.16-3.59 for 0.658 kg/wk or more vs. 0.418 kg/wk or less).

Conclusions: Greater early pregnancy weight gain are associated with increased risk of GDM. Elevated weight gain in mid-pregnancy increased the risk of GDM only among pregnant women with greater weight gain in the first trimester.

Hashim, M., Radwan, H., Hasan, H. et al. Gestational weight gain and gestational diabetes among Emirati and Arab women in the United Arab Emirates: results from the MISC cohort. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 19, 463 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-019-2621-z

Abstract

Objectives

To investigate the pattern of gestational weight gain (GWG) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and their risk factors among a cohort of Emirati and Arab women residing in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). A secondary objective was to investigate pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and its socio-demographic correlates among study participants.

Methods

Data of 256 pregnant women participating in the cohort study, the Mother-Infant Study Cohort (MISC) were used in this study. Healthy pregnant mothers with no history of chronic diseases were interviewed during their third trimester in different hospitals in UAE. Data were collected using interviewer-administered multi-component questionnaires addressing maternal sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics. Maternal weight, weight gain, and GDM were recorded from the hospital medical records.

Results

Among the study participants, 71.1% had inadequate GWG: 31.6% insufficient and 39.5% excessive GWG. 19.1% reported having GDM and more than half of the participants (59.4%) had a pre-pregnancy BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. The findings of the multiple multinomial logistic regression showed that multiparous women had decreased odds of excessive gain as compared to primiparous [odds ratio (OR): 0.17; 95% CI: 0.05–0.54]. Furthermore, women with a pre-pregnancy BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 had increased odds of excessive gain (OR: 2.23; 95%CI: 1.00–5.10) as compared to those with pre-pregnancy BMI < 25 kg/m2. Similarly, women who had a pre-pregnancy BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 were at higher risk of having GDM (OR: 2.37; 95%CI: 1.10–5.12). As for the associations of women’s characteristics with pre-pregnancy BMI, age and regular breakfast consumption level were significant predictors of higher pre-pregnancy BMI.

Conclusion

This study revealed alarming prevalence rates of inadequate, mainly excessive, GWG and GDM among the MISC participants. Pre-pregnancy BMI was found a risk factor for both of these conditions (GWG and GDM). In addition, age and regular breakfast consumption were significant determinants of pre-pregnancy BMI. Healthcare providers are encouraged to counsel pregnant women to maintain normal body weight before and throughout pregnancy by advocating healthy eating and increased physical activity in order to reduce the risk of excessive weight gain and its associated complications.